Don't know this is the preferred way, but it's working at this (march 2008) moment (for tips and errors: please let me know: richard@duif.net (Richard Duivenvoorde)
apt-get install synaptic
    apt-get install postgis postgresql-8.2-postgis postgresql-doc cgi-mapserver mapserver-bin mapserver-doc apache2
    (lenny is using 8.3 currently, but I'm not sure if the postgis stuff is working in that one...)
    listen_addresses = '*'
    /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.2 restart
    now if you try to connect from another pc (using pgAdminIII) you get a prompt: "pleaseenter password for user postgres"...
     and probably the error "access to database denied  FATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for host "192.168.1.67", user "postgres", database "postgres"
     so we have to let te server know that we allow other pc's to connect to it: at the end of the file /etc/postgresql/8.2/main/pg_hba.conf add a line
    host all all 192.168.1.0/24 md5  # if you're network is in this range....
     now read documentation of postgresql-postgis package (!) /usr/share/doc/postgresql-8.2-postgis/README.Debian.gz
     you still can't connect from another pc because user postgres isn't 'normal user', to be able to create a password protected superuser for yourself, do su - postgres (log in as user postgres) and then create a new user for yourself: createuser -P -s -e richard
     NOW you should be able to connect via pgAdminIII to the database using you're own username/password
     being user 'postgres' (do: su - postgres), create a new database: createdb mygisdb --o richard
     lines below almost verbatim from readme:
     'spatial enable' it (that is: add spatial functions to it) (as user postgres): by doing all steps from the readme:
     'enable plpgsql'(as user postgres): createlang plpgsql -d mygisdb
     'load functions(as user postgres, these scripts come from the postgresql-8.2-postgis package): psql mygisdb -f /usr/share/postgresql-8.2-postgis/lwpostgis.sql
     'load ref and proj tables (as user postgres): psql mygisdb -f /usr/share/postgresql-8.2-postgis/spatial_ref_sys.sql
     log in in db: psql mygisdb (as user postgres)
     grant priviliges on geotables: grant all on geometry_columns to richard
     grant priviliges on proj tables: grant all on spatial_ref_sys to richard
     now you should see your spatial enabled database in pgAdminIII (look for familiar function as box2d in the functions list :-)  )
     still not satisfied? you want to see a MAP ?
     download some world data: wget http://aprsworld.net/gisdata/world/world.zip
     unzip the files: unzip world.zip
     use shp2pgsql (from postgis package) to convert this shapefile to a postgis dump: shp2pgsql world.shp world mygisdb > world.sql
     you have a world.sql file now with all worlddata. Now let's load it into postgresql: (either as postgres, or you're own user): psql -d mygisdb < world.sql
     and now you want to SEE a map, we are going to use qgis for that (of which there is only an 'old' version in the default debian repository...)
     add deb http://debian.gfoss.it/ lenny main  to you're repository list at /etc/apt/sources.list
     via synaptic or: apt-get update and then apt-get install qgis install qgis
     make a postgresql connection, and voila:
    
    
    
    
     and now with mapserver...
     mapserv is installed in /usr/lib/cgi-bin/mapserv
     download this example mapfile and copy it next to mapserv
     change username and password in it
     in a browser: to view the capabilities: http://dame/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=world.map&request=getcapabilities&service=wms
     or a map: http://yourmachine/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=world.map&mode=browse&layers=all&mode=map
     if you see something like: image handling failed... Operation on two geometries with different SRID's, it's because the world import failed to set a srid (projection) for the data
     just insert it in the geometry_columns table and update the geometries itself (fire query in pgAdminIII): 
     update geometry_columns set srid = 4326 where f_table_name = 'world'
    select UpdateGeometrySRID('world', 'the_geom', 4326)
    and again: http://yourmachine/cgi-bin/mapserv?map=world.map&mode=browse&layers=all&mode=map
    
    
    
    
    happy using linux/mapserver/postgis, sent me an email if it's usefull, I can make an ubuntu version if usefull also ...